Croup: Recognizing the Barking Cough

What Is Croup?

Croup is a viral infection causing swelling around the voice box and windpipe, leading to a distinctive barking, seal-like cough.

It’s most common in children aged 6 months to 3 years and often worse at night.

A harsh, barking cough often paired with a hoarse voice and a high-pitched sound when breathing in (stridor).

Symptoms frequently start or worsen suddenly at night.

Cool or humid air (such as sitting in a steamy bathroom or by an open window) can sometimes ease breathing.

Keep your child calm — crying can worsen airway narrowing temporarily.

Stridor at rest, worsening breathing difficulty, drooling, or bluish lips need urgent evaluation.

Most croup improves within a few days, but a clinician may recommend medication to reduce airway swelling.

Is croup contagious?

Yes, it spreads like other respiratory viruses through droplets and contact.

Does croup always need medication?

Mild cases may resolve with comfort care, but many clinicians prescribe medication to reduce airway swelling and severity.

Why is it worse at night?

Airway swelling and lying flat can both contribute to nighttime symptom flares.

Can croup come back?

Some children have recurrent episodes, especially with each new respiratory virus, through the toddler years.